Stereotypes and Stereotyping of Native American in The...

The Native American Behind the Stereotype in The Pioneers Throughout the history of American literature, the Native American is rarely presented as a fully developed character; instead, he is degraded to a mere caricature, one deeply rooted in traditional racial prejudices. In his novel, The Pioneers, James Fennimore Cooper became the one of the first American authors to depict an Indian as a leading character; in fact, Coopers depiction of the infamous Chinkachgook is widely considered to be the original archetypical basis for Native American figures as seen in American literature. However, Coopers characterization of Chinkachgook, known by a variety of names, including John Mohegan and Indian John, is based†¦show more content†¦However, Cooper rather carelessly misused these missionary accounts in his writing; in essence, he combined what he knew of several different Indian tribes, blended them into his own creation, and misnamed them as the single, fictional nation of Mohegan. Even the information that Cooper relate s as historical fact is riddled with errors and misconceptions, most clearly in his history of the Delewares.2 Beyond this, these Moravian accounts are representative of solely the white perspective of Native Americans, and hence, the voice of the Native American himself is, alas, entirely lacking in Coopers research. This lack of Indian perspective is reflected in his writing, which tends to view the Native Americans solely in light of their relationship of the white man. More specifically, the character of John Mohegan is the epitome of the white stereotypical view of the Native American as the noble savage. In fact, The Pioneers represents the later years of Chinkagoochs life, and now, he is a Native American who has been extremely westernized, adopting the white name of John Mohegan as well as an adapted version of Christianity. However, beyond this westernization, John Mohegan remains a rather wild figure, one that continues to have a certain mysterious and untamed quality. For example, Cooper details Indian JohnsShow MoreRelatedFilm, Art And Literature Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesplatform for Native Americans to be acknowledged as a culture but also became a medium of racism and stereotyping due to the producers and creators in power. The way many portray and view Native Americans in film now can be traced back to when early films featured them. In the cinematic industry, â€Å"Native North American filmmaking and television broadcasting gained momentum, alongside the work of other minority groups, in the late 1960’s† (Raheja). 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Sharing Economy Traditional Hotel Industry

Question: Discuss about theSharing Economyfor Traditional Hotel Industry. Answer: Introduction: This report analyzes the impact of the sharing economy selecting AirBNB as the case company on the traditional hotel industry in the Thailand. Apart from this, it discusses the pros and cons of the government intervention in sharing economy. Part 1: Analyze and Evaluate the Impact of Sharing Economy: Sharing Economy: Sharing economy is a socio-economic eco system or model that allows to individual to take borrow or rent assets from someone else. This system allow to individual to share their own human, physical and intellectual resources. The sharing economy system includes the sharing of production, distribution, trade and consumption of products and services by the other peoples and organizations. Further, sharing economy known as collaborative consumption in which people share their goods and services by the others (Stephany, 2015). Sharing economy is a trending business concept that highlights the organizational and individual ability for the some others to borrow or rent the goods without the purchasing. The sharing economy is thriving in the current business scenario as hospitality, travel and tourism, manufacturing, and infrastructure. Analysis of Sharing Economy in Hospitality Industry in Thailand: For analyzing the impact of sharing economy on hotel industry in Thailand, AirBNB has been selected. AirBNB provides online booking services for hotel rooms. AirBNB supported the growth of the hotels in Thailand. This increased the demand of the people because it makes it easy for people to book the hotel rooms without visiting the hotel site. Local and traditional hotels have the platform to connect the people across the word in sharing economy. Sharing economy provide free market situation where demand and supply decides the rate of the product or services. Sharing economy erodes the competition in market. Monetary and fiscal policy is used almost in every country (Sharing Economy) to regulate the market situation. Monetary policy is contracted to reduce the supply and expanded to increase the supply (Batlle, 2012). AirBNB saves the time of people and provides the platform where people can books hotel rooms. This increased the competition in the market. Sharing economy decreases th e demand elasticity because whether it charges somehow high price but provide convenience to people. The price elasticity is inelastic in sharing economy. Sharing companies continue to grow unless the government intervenes with its regulatory policies. AirBNB has very large market share and created a hurdles for the local hotels providing room on rent. Impact of Airbnb on Hospitality Industry in Thailand: The sharing economy affects the growth of the hospitality industry in the Thailand. The hotels of the Thailand are sharing their services with various firms that help the customers in finding the services and rent or borrow the services. The Airbnb was founded in ye ar 2008 as a social website. The sharing economy as Airbnb has some positive and negative impact on the success to hospitality industry. As Airbnb connect the people who have space to share with those people who search place to stay. The company charges the fee from both the partys guest and hosts. The exponential growth of Airbnb is increasing the revenue of hospitality sector particularly middle to low price range hotels. The strict rules and regulation slow down the growth of the company. The company provides the rental facility to customers on the minimum and affordable price that build the trust of customers and increase the profitability and market share of hotels. The emergence of the Airbnb has threat to hotels as traveler selects the hosts independent on the Airbnb rather than traditional hotels (Akaraphanth, 2016). The Airbnb does not overlap with the tourists majority in the Thailand which has no impact on the Thailand hospitality industry. Along with this, it attracts the customers beside the company that increase brand image and market share of the branded hotels. The emergence of sharing economy affect the growth of hotel industry because it works as platform where from guests can choose the rooms and hotels. The Airbnb helps the hotels in attracting and influencing the customers by providing low price and quality services. It can increase the market share and profitability of the hospitality sector companies. Airbnb helps the hotels in providing their services to customers effectively by the providing the rent rooms on affordable prices that increase market share and brand image of the hotels. On the other hand, Airbnb has some negative impact on the success of hospitality industry. It affects and slowdown the growth of the traditional hotels. Due to lack of online faculty in the traditional and local hotels Airbnb provides the customers only to advanced technology hotels. It also reduces the market competition that reduces the market share and profit of the local hotel service providers. Part 2: Pros and Cons of Government Intervention: Government intervention is a very crucial topic and subject for debate as some time the government intervention create irritation among people but at the same time and the same intervention may be hurdle for the people or companies in the country. Government intervention is just authoritarian action of the government to regulate the situation occurred. The government intervention in sharing economy is very beneficial because today most of the industries and companies are linked to each other. If one company fall than other also has to suffer. If the government saves the company falling, then this action may be good for many people working in the company and other companies having most of their business from that company (Poynter, 2012). The government intervenes to maintain the economic condition and protect the interest of people. The government intervention causes the cost of the companies to be increased in terms of hiring cost, product cost and other costs. The government intervenes in business policies of the hospitality industry impact on its business. Government provides remuneration policy, working condition policy, and health and safety policies, working hours and other that generate the more cost in the company. This increased cost in passed on customer in terms of product or service price that hurts consumers. The government use regulatory action to maintain the economic condition well but it cause sometime hurdle for others. The government increases the taxes, tariffs, and other charges to maintain the demand and supply in the economy at equal level (Poynter, 2012). However, the increased services taxes and other taxes on the companies indirectly transferred to customers. Government intervention generates economical benefit for short term. The positive effect of government action is not for long time because economic system as very dynamic. The action adopted by the government has to be revised after sometime otherwise it might create adverse situation. Suppose, government has increased the interest rate then the flow of money will continue to decline that is why the interest rate has to be increased or decreased to maintain the healthy economic condition in the country. If the government increase the service tax it affects the business of the service sectors companies even in sharing economy such as hotels and tourism companies that regulates the demand and supply of the services. This curtail the consumer expanding that reduce the inflation but at the same time service companies experience increased cost. Suppose, if Thailand government increases service tax then it increase the Airbnb, Uber, and Hotels will be affected by this action. The profitability of service companies will be reduced as demand of the customers for hotels room, flight tickets, and travel and tourism. The online taxi services affected the business of the local and roadside taxies. At the same time, online hotel booking services affects the business of the local and traditional hotels (Edelman and Geradin, 2015). Government intervention in developing geographical and economic infrastructure affects the business of the taxies or hotels because people will finish their work at the same day without visiting the hotels and using the taxi services. Government in sharing economy (Thailand) focuses on digitalization and technology development to provide easiness to people in shopping. Technological advancement creates tough competition before the traditional hotels. The Thailand also promotes online and internets service that makes the economy sharing economy but people has to pay for whatever they get. Price fixing for the product or services by gover nment is for the wellbeing of customers. In sharing economy, price is just decided based on the demand and supply of product and services in market. Therefore, based on the above analysis, overall it can be said that government let the economic depend on the market. It should just intervene when the unfavorable economic condition occurs. Sharing economy reduces the level of competition. Therefore, government should intervene just to maintain the level of competition for quality and affordable product and services in economy. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it can be concluded that sharing economy has impact on the success of the Thailand hospitality industry. The sharing economy has both positive and negative impact on the industry as Airbnb provide the rental facility to the guests and linked the hosts and guests. Government intervention has both pros and cons. Therefore, Thailand government should intervention in the market whenever unfavorable economic situation occurs. References: Akaraphanth, L. (2016) Airbnb's impact on the Thai hospitality sector. Available at: https://www.scbeic.com/en/detail/product/2960 (Accessed: 4 December 2016). Batlle, C., Prez-Arriaga, I. J., Zambrano-Barragn, P. (2012). Regulatory design for RES-E support mechanisms: Learning curves, market structure, and burden-sharing.Energy Policy,41, 212-220. Edelman, B. G., Geradin, D. (2015). Efficiencies and regulatory shortcuts: How should we regulate companies like Airbnb and Uber?.Harvard Business School NOM Unit Working Paper, (16-026). Poynter, T. A. (2012).Multinational enterprises and government intervention(Vol. 32). London: Routledge. Stephany, A. (2015) The Business of Sharing: Making it in the New Sharing Economy. USA: Springer. Virajoti, M. (2016) Will the sharing economy have much impact on Thai business? Available at: https://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/business/EconomyAndTourism/30254629 (Accessed: 4 December 2016).

The Importance of respect in the military

Montanna essays

Montanna essays Native Americans first settled in Montana about twelve thousand years ago. The Salish and Kootenai migrated to Montana from the Pacific Northwest and settled in the Rocky Mountains. The Black feet, Crow, and Cheyenne moved from the east and settled in the Great Plains of Montana. In 1803 the United States bought land from France that included Montana. It didnt take long for the United States Explorers to start exploring the newly acquired land, even the famous Meriwether Lewis and, William Clark. Lewis and Clark entered Montana 1805. One of the many things the great explorers wrote about was Montana abundance of buffalo. Manuela Lisa established Montanas first fur trading post in the 1860s. The post was set up on the Bighorn and Yellowstone Rivers meet. Beaver pelts were one of the many hot furs being traded in the new trading post, and Montana was the place to trap beavers. The 1860s brought the a Gold craze to Montana when prospectors ( a prospector is a person who looks for minerals) started to find gold in the southern Rockies. Mining towns sprung up all over Montana when thousands o prospectors rushed to Montana in the hope of finding gold. The same years that the gold rush came to Montana cattle ranching also made its way to the territory. Texas cattle rancher brought longhorn. Montana was the ideal place for ranching due the large amount of plains and open space. The ranchers benefited from the gold minors by selling the beef to the mining towns. When the United States government set aside lands in Montana for Indian reservations, the gold miners and rancher ignored the Indians rights to those land. When they ignored the land reservations Native Americans attacked them. U.S troops arrived in 1876, to try and stop the attacks. General George Custer attacked, the uprising Native Americans, at Little Bighorn River. The Sioux and Cheyenne won and even killed Custer and his men. Even though ...

Btranding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Btranding - Essay Example An organization attracts and maintains a base of loyal customers by promoting their prestige, image, value and lifestyle through the efforts of branding. A number of studies have shown that proper branding leads to higher sales of the products and other services associated with the brand (Hill, 2008). For example, if a customer likes Dairy Milk, a brand of Cadbury, he or she is more likely to taste Bourneville as well. A good brand has the ability to deliver the messages of the company to its target audiences, influence and motivate the buyers, confirms the credibility of the firm and emotionally connects with the target population. However, to achieve success by means of proper branding practices, it needs to understand the needs and wants of the customers (Clarke, 2001). It is often argued that a brand resides in the mind and the heart of a consumer and positively influences customer purchase behaviour, but few academicians disagree to this fact and deem that a brand image can infl uence the purchase negatively as well (Knox and Denison, 2000). This report seeks to analyse the opportunities for development of a particular brand. However, prior to the identification of the opportunities of the brand, the study will review and identify the weak points and challenges of the brand. On the basis of the findings and analysis, the study will elucidate the required changes in the brand and rebranding will serve the purpose of the company. The brand chosen for this purpose is Benefit cosmetics. A brief synopsis of the brand is presented below in order to help the reader understand the same. Benefit Cosmetics: A Brief Synopsis Benefit Cosmetics is a brand named after its company, Benefit Cosmetics LLC. The company is presently headquartered in San Francisco, California and was founded in the year 1976 (Benefit Cosmetics, 2013). The company specializes in offering beauty solution to the customers across several parts of the world. One of the key selling points of the com pany is their creative and vibrant packaging. Presently, the company operates in 35 countries and has successfully delivered the required services to the customers. Studies have shown that the brand has been performing well since the last few years and their financial situation reflects the same. One of the essential characteristics of the products of Benefit is that they are manufactured with natural ingredients and as a result of that, the products hardly have any negative skin effects. According to the experts of this industry, it is the quality of Benefit and instant solution capability that has made the brand a household name and a ‘must-have’ beauty product across the consumers of the world. Brand Analysis In this section, analysis of the brand, Benefit Cosmetics, will be carried out in order to identify the possible challenges and weaker areas of the brand (Kautish, 2011). In addition with this analysis, the study also seeks to underpin the opportunities of the b rand. The brand will be analysed by considering certain parameters and factors that lead to higher brand value. Furthermore, brand analysis also has the ability to pin down the current state of a brand. This will help in satisfying both the aforementioned intentions. The factors to be considered in this context are emotional value, brand awareness, brand image, purchase intention, brand loyalty and perceived

WILD BUSHFIRE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

WILD BUSHFIRE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Alternative Actions towards Reducing the Impact of Bushfires in the Blue Mountain 14 4.1 Regulated Patrolling of the High Fire Risk Areas 15 4.2 Building Enhancement 15 4.3 Wildlife Protection 16 4.4 Accurate Weather Forecast and Warning System 16 4.5 Integration of Indigenous Knowledge and Experience 17 4.6 Increasing Public Awareness 17 4.7 Adaptive Management Process 17 5. Conclusion 18 References 20 1. Introduction Bush-land and rangelands, within the region of New South Wales, Australia comprises a wide range of landscapes that has long been experiencing severe destructions owing to the ignition of natural fire. The bushfire regimes, thus imposed within the region, have also been recognised to significantly influence on the recent structure along with the composition of the overall ecosystem of the area (NSW Government, 2012). Apparently, the frequent incidents of bushfires are considered as one of the major threats for the human life, causing degradation of natural and cultural values of the national parks and reserves that are protected by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Services (NPWS) (NSW Government, n.d.). It is however worth mentioning that bushfire is a natural incidence, which acts as a cyclical process of bio-diversity as it is able to fertilize lands and increase mineral density in the soil to cultivate better afforestation. Corresponding to the fact, its benefits to the environment are often observed to be limited to its efficient management, aimed at ensuring that the fire remains in its low-intensity scale. To be noted, bushfire extending from its defined intensity scale is categorised as a natural disaster and may cause immense loss to human kind and livestock in the region. This in turn necessitates better and efficient management of bushfire (Geoscience Australia, 2007). Emphasising the long-standing threats from the bushfires in the New South Wales region of Australia, the report tends to critically analyse the major problems associat ed with bushfire and the corresponding steps taken by the NPWS to effectively deal with the persisting issues within the region. In order to provide adequate support to the bushfire, the management processes implemented by the NPWS along with their currently practiced advanced fire management regimes have been critically analysed in this report. Thus, the report would focus not only on the initiatives of NPWS along with critically assess the performance of Rural Fire Service (RFS) to protect lands from bushfire in the respective region. Moreover, the report also encompasses the major influencing factors leading to the frequent incidence of bushfire. The report also analyses the bushfire management planning and measures developed by the agencies towards protecting the natural heritage of Blue Mountains and proposes alternatives. 2. Problems 2.1 Goals The goals of management plans for preventing bushfires in the Blue Mountains region are highly focused on ensuring adequate compliance with the responsibilities of protecting and conserving natural and cultural values of the national parks and reserves. Moreover, the fire management plans of NPWS also encompass towards protecting human life and national properties including buildings, homes and lands (NSW Government, 2012). In relation to the present scenario, regarding the measures taken by NPWS, it has been recognised that the numbers of actions performed by the councils and other public organisations principally aim to prevent the damage from the frequent bushfires. In this regards, ‘hazard management programs’, ‘Record achievement for hazard reduction in national

Care of a Confused Parent

Care of a Confused Parent I N T R O D U C T I O N The first FETAC Level 5 Assignment in Care Skills module requires that learners produce an assignment on the care of a confused person. This confusion can be the result of any number of causes – from an illness such as dementia or Alzheimer’s disease or the long term use or an abuse of drugs and /or alcohol. The assignment must be completed answering very specific points (as outlined in the table of contents). This assignment was compiled using various methodologies including: Classroom lectures and feedback sessions Class notes and Manual, hard copy manuals and books One to one sessions with Work Experience Skills Coach Previous life experience of caring for an ill family member Online research and library research For the purpose of this assignment the author has decided to highlight one particular client who is in the Nursing Home in which the author is completing her work experience module. The clients name has been changed in order to respect her rights to privacy and dignity. The client in this example has been diagnosed with Stage 4 Lung Cancer (T4, N3) which denotes that she suffers from a malignant tumour which has invaded the oesophagus, epicardium, pleural cavity, T5 and T6 vertebrae with Metastasis to the supraclavicular lymph node. She also suffers from osteoarthritis of L2-L5 and S1-S5, Type 2 Diabetes and Psoriasis. She is currently on a variety of medications which are listed in her Care Plan, along with creams and ointments for the Psoriasis. Presently she suffers from severe bouts of confusion as a result of her pain medications and needs constant monitoring and care. In conjunction with her family, and a multi-disciplinary team Catherine has decided to move to a Nursing Home where she will receive the type of holistic care she requires. Catherine has also documented her specific wishes regarding her death and funeral arrangements and all of which has to be respected by all involved, the details are listed in her Care Plan along with the emergency contact details if her condition should suddenly decline. INDIVIDUAL NEEDS ASSESSMENT Initial assessment of Catherine’s needs using the Logan Roper Tierney model of assessment an individualised, client-centred holistic approach to Catherine’s care has been devised. Physical Catherine loves the outdoors and she should be encouraged to continue this through gardening – taking her out for walks, especially during spells of confusion. Ensure she has her walking stick and bring the wheelchair as she gets breathless very easily. Shower rails and chair must be available in her room and always ensure that the non-slip mat is on the ground. When she is confused she forgets how to wash herself properly and will need assistance. Intellectual Catherine loves to read and complete quizzes and cross words – these are very good for stimulation and they should be made available to her in her room and in the day room. The news and primetime are two of her favourite programs – ensure that they are on the TV in her room and the day room. Diversional therapy of card games and jigsaws are great for completing when she is confused. Emotional As a result of the illness and her pending death Catherine can become depressed – she must be encouraged, made feel wanted loved, needed and always try to support her decision to move into the nursing home Social/Spiritual Socially, Catherine has a lot of friends with whom she plays cards – they are going to come visit her once a week to continue this tradition, the other residents should be encouraged to join in also as it will help integrate her more. Her large family of 8 children and 63 grand-children/great-grand-children/great-great grand-children all visit her when she is at home and will continue to do so. It is amazing the Catherine remembers all their names and dates of birth – during spells of confusion though she does tend to forget them a little. Catherine is very religious and attends mass every Sunday when she is well – the angelus must be said at 12pm and 6pm and the rosary at 9pm. I D E N T I F Y T H E L E V E L O F A S S I S T A N C E R E Q U I R E D Catherine has very low level needs when she is not confused. She needs help sitting up in the bed and cannot use the remote control as her fingers are very badly damaged from the arthritis and as such will need assistance getting out of bed. She cannot manage small buttons when dressing and most days she just wears t-shirts but on Sundays she wishes to wear a blouse going to mass and will need assistance with that. Catherine dose not wear dentures and is on a chopped diet for now, she can manage to use cutlery but prefers to use a spoon. When she is confused she forgets when to eat and sometimes forgets that she has eaten so she will need monitoring when eating rather than assistance. MAINTAINING A SAFE ENVIRONMENT During confused spells Catherine likes to walk and as such walkways will have to be completely compliant with the Health and Safety Regulations for care as set out by the Health and Safety Authority. (HSA.ie, 2014) It would also be a good intervention to ensure that her walking aid is always within arm’s reach and that her shoes/slippers have rubber soles and are well maintained. For showering, the shower stool must be readily available and ensure that the hand rails are well maintained. The toilet in her room has a raised toilet seat and rail which must be cleaned and maintained regularly. Catherine will also use a commode, but when she is confused does not realise where she is when trying to urinate therefore she should be encouraged to go to the bathroom to protect her dignity. When going on outings with her family Catherine’s wheelchair must accompany her always and kept well maintained and ensure the wheels are pumped. PROMOTE CLIENT INVOLVEMENT IN SOCIAL EVENTS AND THERAPIES Catherine likes to play cards therefore she would enjoy it as part of the available diversional therapies. The HCA can have table quizzes added to the curriculum of activities by the activities co coordinator and help her participate by writing the answers to the questions and holding the cards – when she is confused one to one games such as Patience or Snap are very helpful. Catherine is quite a sociable person and will have loads of visitors – they will help to integrate her with the other residents and they play cards, tell stories, Irish dancing and play music some days she wishes not to have any visitors or participate in activities – in order to keep her from this depression the HCA could encourage her to attend the card game or maybe say some prayers with her as her strong beliefs will help to alleviate the depression. Catherine has refused to attend the Cuisle Centre in Portlaoise which has numerous activities and therapies available to cancer sufferers. The HCA could bring her more information on the services provided and explain what they are in detail and answer any questions she may have in order to encourage her to attend. They offer a Gardening Therapy workshop each week which would really benefit her along with the CranioSacral therapy and Holistic Massage would be beneficial for her also and she should be encouraged to go by bringing her down to the centre and having a talk with other clients that attend. (Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise, 2014) MOBILITY INDLUDING FALLS AND PRESSURE AREA CARE FALLS The results from the Morse Falls Assessment in Catherine’s Care Plan show that on non-confused days she is at low risk, but during spells of confusion she is moderate risk and as such – should be encouraged to walk around more during lucid days and be accompanied outdoors for short walks if her breathing allows – allow her to push the wheelchair for a while will help and support her. The activities co-ordinator has a great curriculum for mobility and Catherine should be encouraged to participate in order to help keep her arms active. PRESURE AREA CARE As Catherine suffers from Psoriasis she is even more susceptible to pressure sore development. Her skin should be cared for as per her prescribed treatment – creams and lotions to be applied daily. At the moment she is fairly mobile and does not remain in the one spot for too long – if she suffers bad pain during the day she tends to stay in bed and will need assistance turning and should be encouraged to do so – a second HCA may be needed for this as she has had two hip replacements which have to be cared for also – a hoist may be needed on occasion. Gel cushions should be used when she is playing cards with friends as she could be in the one position for hours, to break this she should be encouraged to get up and walk around every hour – even if for a few minutes. EFFECTIVE VERBAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION WITH CLIENT AND HEALTHCARE TEAM Catherine has to attend various appointments for scans and pain medication updates. Any new developments need to be explained in full to her so she can make an informed decision as to what course of action she wants to pursue. Catherine must be kept informed at all times of any changes in her condition and has requested that she be told first so she can decide whether to tell her family. She has stated during meetings regarding her funeral wishes but may want to change these so ensure any changes are documented. All daily charts are to be kept updated immediately and inform the staff nurse of any noted changes in her condition at handover. As her cancer is rapid and fast progressing Catherine’s condition can and will change on a daily basis therefore food and fluid charts are vital. At the moment she is normal on the M.U.S.T scale, but as she tends not to eat when in pain this has to be carefully monitored and reported if she is refusing food or fluids. ASSIST CLIENT WITH ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING Mobility Assistance Catherine needs assistance when getting in and out of bed. She can sometimes sit up on her own but during spells of confusion she forgets how to stand up and should be encouraged and supported to do it herself as long as possible without the aid of a hoist. She may also need assistance getting in and out of the shower and needs her hair to be washed as she can no longer raise her arms above elbow height. If the weather if favourable Catherine likes to go outside – she should be accompanied and ensure her wheelchair is in good working order. Allow her to walk as much as she can pushing the wheelchair but ensure she does not get too tired – encourage her to get into the wheelchair and continue until she wishes to return. Catherine’s pain medication is prescribed by the GP and monitored by the Palliative Care team. She has certain pain killers that are available to her without the nurses supervision – please record when and what she is taking and report it back to the nurse for monitoring. At the moment Catherine is normal on the M.U.S.T scale and we have to endeavour to keep her that way – she is on a chopped diet but needs to be monitored as the tumour is pressing on her oesophagus – it could cause a choking hazard – any noted changes to her swallow must be reported back to the nurse for further investigation by the MDT. When she is confused Catherine needs assistance eating as she forgets how to use the cutlery. PROMOTE THE RIGHTS OF THE CLIENT TO DIGNITY, PRIVACY, INDEPENDENCE, POSITIVE SELF IMAGE As Catherine is very self-conscious about her body – every effort must be made to give her as much privacy as possible when dressing and showering. She will need assistance dressing on occasion especially when she is confused as she gets the order of clothing mixed up. The HCA can discuss her wishes with her and come to an arrangement regarding the assistance she requires. Catherine is very independent and likes to take her own medications and feed herself. She has expressed her wishes numerous times to all her family and multidisciplinary team regarding her funeral wishes and insists that she not be left alone from now on and even when she passes she does not want to be alone until she is buried with her husband. Catherine needs to feel in control of the disease and wants to be informed if there is any changes being made to her medications or if the multidisciplinary team think that she is declining in any way regardless of the news make sure she is kept informed and involved in all decisions – it is best practice to inform Catherine first and let her decide when and how much information he and the rest of the family is to be told. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.upledgerclinic.com/conditions_symptoms.html http://www.cuislecentre.com/therapies/ http://www.ahrq.gov/legacy/research/ltc/fallpxtoolkit/fallpxtool3h.htm http://www.clinicaloncologyonline.net/article/S0936-6555(08)00451-2/abstract http://www.nurse2nurse.ie/Upload/NA6762article.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19059769 http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/end-of-life-care-pro REFERENCES Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise, (2014). Therapies Cuisle Centre, Cancer Support Centre Laois, Cancer Support Portlaoise. [online] Available at: http://www.cuislecentre.com/therapies/ [Accessed 19 Dec. 2014]. Knott, D. (2014). End of Life Care | Doctor | Patient.co.uk. [online] Patient.co.uk. Available at: http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/end-of-life-care-pro [Accessed 15 Dec. 2014]. 1